Nickel-Iron woes.

dRdoS7
dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
Hi,

I have 40 x 200Ah NiFe cells, which I bought & installed in 2016.

Early last year I started having cells fail to hold charge. I happened to be up early, and saw the voltmeter on one group of 10 cells was lower than the other 3.

I tested each cell's voltage, also noticed that some had a layer of black debris in the bottom, in one it was up to the plates.

The voltages in them would drop to 0.6V, then -0.2V as the bank was discharging.

Also they were really bubbling, even though no charging was occurring. Charge going from the good cells into the bad?

Actually, checking back through my log of daily charge/discharge Ah readings, I found mention of a few that had problems, but that was short term, and they were OK once I'd had them for a while. They've been really good since mid 2017, and even better after I upgraded the inverter, and added 4KW of solar to the existing 3KW in 2018.

The seller sent me a bag of KOH, which I used to replace the electrolyte. I gave 6 of the cells a good flush, and got them totally clean before replacement.

After putting them back, and several charge/discharge cycles, I started testing. Then another went -0.2.

So now I've had 7 now go "bad".

I then really overcharged the 7 of them (1.9V / cell). More testing , 4 didn't recover, 3 possibly did. The last bad one I didn't clean out or renew.


Here's some pics:


Click image for larger version  NameIMG_20190503_122448-smallerjpg Views0 Size5883 KB ID410828
This the worst of the cells.



Click image for larger version  NameIMG_20200115_075528_3-smallerjpg Views0 Size3986 KB ID410830
This the crud in the bottom. Don't ask why there's no plates!
I will add that I have only 39 now.


These are the last lot of readings:
Click image for larger version  Name7 39 cells testjpg Views0 Size1080 KB ID410829


Anyway, the reason for the post is to ask if any other NiFe owners have seen this.

Be interested to know, there seem to be a few owners here, and some have had experience with them for a long time.

The seller is going to replace 4 cells, as soon as he has some.

My concern is what will happen in the future. Of the 40, only 3 have no crud in them.

I am assuming the crud is from the anodes and/or cathodes disintegrating.

I've been Googling, but found no mention of my experience.

Many thanks,

dRdoS7

PS. I have posted this in a few other forums, trying to get as much info from others as possible.

Comments

  • Photowhit
    Photowhit Solar Expert Posts: 6,002 ✭✭✭✭✭
    Silly question, but you have been  using distilled water in them? (ya' never know...)
    Home system 4000 watt (Evergreen) array standing, with 2 Midnite Classic Lites,  Midnite E-panel, Magnum MS4024, Prosine 1800(now backup) and Exeltech 1100(former backup...lol), 660 ah 24v Forklift battery(now 10 years old). Off grid for 20 years (if I include 8 months on a bicycle).
    - Assorted other systems, pieces and to many panels in the closet to not do more projects.
  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    edited February 2020 #3
    Hi,

    Photowhit said:
    Silly question, but you have been  using distilled water in them? (ya' never know...)

    Never a silly question.

    Yes, only use distilled water. I started distilling a month so after I installed them: could see how much they used, and how much it would cost if kept buying it.

    Good thing you spell it Photo, not Foto. Had a guy at work his initials were FW. Lived up to it, often.

    Thanks,

    dRdoS7
  • Aguarancher
    Aguarancher Solar Expert Posts: 315 ✭✭✭
    edited February 2020 #4

    You might consider sending in both a sample of the battery sludge and your home distilled water to a lab for analysis. Between those two you should be able to tell if the problem is on yours or the battery mfg side of things.



  • Dave Angelini
    Dave Angelini Solar Expert Posts: 6,728 ✭✭✭✭✭✭
    None of the links work in my chrome browser.
    What make are the batteries?
    There is a member here Mike who can give you his opinion as a user.
    "we go where power lines don't" Sierra Nevada mountain area
       htps://offgridsolar1.com/
    E-mail offgridsolar@sti.net

  • Photowhit
    Photowhit Solar Expert Posts: 6,002 ✭✭✭✭✭
    Photos,  from site hosting  if  you aren't signed in member they won't show, I was kicked of at least 2x correcting sun'god' but keep getting reinstated...

    dRdoS7 said:
    Hi,

    I have 40 x 200Ah NiFe cells, which I bought & installed in 2016.

    Early last year I started having cells fail to hold charge. I happened to be up early, and saw the voltmeter on one group of 10 cells was lower than the other 3.

    I tested each cell's voltage, also noticed that some had a layer of black debris in the bottom, in one it was up to the plates.

    The voltages in them would drop to 0.6V, then -0.2V as the bank was discharging.

    Also they were really bubbling, even though no charging was occurring. Charge going from the good cells into the bad?

    Actually, checking back through my log of daily charge/discharge Ah readings, I found mention of a few that had problems, but that was short term, and they were OK once I'd had them for a while. They've been really good since mid 2017, and even better after I upgraded the inverter, and added 4KW of solar to the existing 3KW in 2018.

    The seller sent me a bag of KOH, which I used to replace the electrolyte. I gave 6 of the cells a good flush, and got them totally clean before replacement.

    After putting them back, and several charge/discharge cycles, I started testing. Then another went -0.2.

    So now I've had 7 now go "bad".

    I then really overcharged the 7 of them (1.9V / cell). More testing , 4 didn't recover, 3 possibly did. The last bad one I didn't clean out or renew.


    Here's some pics:

    This the worst of the cells.

    This the crud in the bottom. Don't ask why there's no plates!
    I will add that I have only 39 now.


    These are the last lot of readings:


    Anyway, the reason for the post is to ask if any other NiFe owners have seen this.

    Be interested to know, there seem to be a few owners here, and some have had experience with them for a long time.

    The seller is going to replace 4 cells, as soon as he has some.

    My concern is what will happen in the future. Of the 40, only 3 have no crud in them.

    I am assuming the crud is from the anodes and/or cathodes disintegrating.

    I've been Googling, but found no mention of my experience.

    Many thanks,

    dRdoS7

    PS. I have posted this in a few other forums, trying to get as much info from others as possible.


    Home system 4000 watt (Evergreen) array standing, with 2 Midnite Classic Lites,  Midnite E-panel, Magnum MS4024, Prosine 1800(now backup) and Exeltech 1100(former backup...lol), 660 ah 24v Forklift battery(now 10 years old). Off grid for 20 years (if I include 8 months on a bicycle).
    - Assorted other systems, pieces and to many panels in the closet to not do more projects.
  • mike95490
    mike95490 Solar Expert Posts: 9,583 ✭✭✭✭✭
    What you have is not normal:


    Still going strong.
     I question if you have enough solar, if it took you 3 months to get the batteries running properly.  It takes me 2 summer days, or 3 winter days of full sun and normal loads to recharge.


    Powerfab top of pole PV mount | Listeroid 6/1 w/st5 gen head | XW6048 inverter/chgr | Iota 48V/15A charger | Morningstar 60A MPPT | 48V, 800A NiFe Battery (in series)| 15, Evergreen 205w "12V" PV array on pole | Midnight ePanel | Grundfos 10 SO5-9 with 3 wire Franklin Electric motor (1/2hp 240V 1ph ) on a timer for 3 hr noontime run - Runs off PV ||
    || Midnight Classic 200 | 10, Evergreen 200w in a 160VOC array ||
    || VEC1093 12V Charger | Maha C401 aa/aaa Charger | SureSine | Sunsaver MPPT 15A

    solar: http://tinyurl.com/LMR-Solar
    gen: http://tinyurl.com/LMR-Lister ,

  • softdown
    softdown Solar Expert Posts: 3,812 ✭✭✭✭
    Looks like nobody has been able to open the photos. I get "invalid file" when trying. 
    First Bank:16 180 watt Grape Solar with  FM80 controller and 3648 Inverter....Fullriver 8D AGM solar batteries. Second Bank/MacGyver Special: 10 165(?) watt BP Solar with Renogy MPPT 40A controller/ and Xantrex C-35 PWM controller/ and Morningstar PWM controller...Cotek 24V PSW inverter....forklift and diesel locomotive batteries
  • Photowhit
    Photowhit Solar Expert Posts: 6,002 ✭✭✭✭✭
    softdown said:
    Looks like nobody has been able to open the photos. I get "invalid file" when trying. 
    You can see them in my post? 'right click copy' and 'right click pasted' into the post.
    Home system 4000 watt (Evergreen) array standing, with 2 Midnite Classic Lites,  Midnite E-panel, Magnum MS4024, Prosine 1800(now backup) and Exeltech 1100(former backup...lol), 660 ah 24v Forklift battery(now 10 years old). Off grid for 20 years (if I include 8 months on a bicycle).
    - Assorted other systems, pieces and to many panels in the closet to not do more projects.
  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    Hi,


    mike95490 said:

    I question if you have enough solar, if it took you 3 months to get the batteries running properly.  It takes me 2 summer days, or 3 winter days of full sun and normal loads to recharge.

    I started with 3KW, then after 2 years I installed another 4.3KW. I have plans of putting in another ~3KW soon. I find in winter, sometimes what I have isn't enough. But then what is? I could say the same about battery capacity too.

    The system was installed so I could maximise my solar exports, have enough to run through the night, and the occasional blackout. By 2024 it will have paid for itself. We have had no power bills since 2013, and receive a good credit each year. The system was doing what I wanted until late last year.

    softdown said:
    Looks like nobody has been able to open the photos. I get "invalid file" when trying. 

    Tell me if you can see this one:




    Thanks,

    dRdoS7.
  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    HI,

    Photowhit said:
    softdown said:
    Looks like nobody has been able to open the photos. I get "invalid file" when trying. 
    You can see them in my post? 'right click copy' and 'right click pasted' into the post.

    I just signed out, then had a look, and I can see all the photos, maybe it's a browser problem?

    dRdoS7
  • softdown
    softdown Solar Expert Posts: 3,812 ✭✭✭✭
    I can see the last image.  Your first effort still shows "O views" for all three image links.

    I can't recall an active poster with NiFe cells. Transparent housing is interesting. You are on the grid maximizing "solar exports" yet use batteries for energy storage. Mark K might have a chance at diagnosing these NiFe woes. 
    First Bank:16 180 watt Grape Solar with  FM80 controller and 3648 Inverter....Fullriver 8D AGM solar batteries. Second Bank/MacGyver Special: 10 165(?) watt BP Solar with Renogy MPPT 40A controller/ and Xantrex C-35 PWM controller/ and Morningstar PWM controller...Cotek 24V PSW inverter....forklift and diesel locomotive batteries
  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    edited February 2020 #13
    Hi,

    softdown said:
    I can see the last image.  Your first effort still shows "O views" for all three image links.

    I can't recall an active poster with NiFe cells. Transparent housing is interesting. You are on the grid maximizing "solar exports" yet use batteries for energy storage. Mark K might have a chance at diagnosing these NiFe woes. 

    Strange. Whether I'm logged in or not, I can only see photos, no links.

    See through cases make it easy to see the electrolyte.

    I can see what you mean when you mention my exports & batteries. I have 2 separate solar systems. One system is connected to the grid, for export and home usage, the other is not connected to the grid, which has batteries, and is for home usage. Actually it is plugged in, for backup when batteries are low, but can't export. They each have their own AC circuits. Most house appliances run from the 2nd system. Some large usage items like the oven & Air cons don't. Also house lights don't. I'm working that now, and am having a c/o switch installed. ATM, the more I run from the 2nd system, the more I don't use from the 1st, which means more is exported. Once the switch is installed, I'll be able to run everything (within inverter limits) off solar/battery storage, with grid as a backup. Also be able to connect a genny, just in case.

    dRdoS7.

    Here's the other 2 photos:

    This is from testing of 7 faulty cells. I ran a distiller early morning, turned off solar, and measured each cell as the volts dropped. LHS column are cells numbers and the colour of each line is which group they are in the battery bank. Pink & Red are highlights so the seller could easily see the drop points.
  • Photowhit
    Photowhit Solar Expert Posts: 6,002 ✭✭✭✭✭
    dRdoS7 said:

    Strange. Whether I'm logged in or not, I can only see photos, no links.
    Logged in here or at 'solarpaneltalk.com' where the photos are hosted,  the  reason  I 'copied  and pasted' them here in my reply,  so everyone could see them  without being logged into solar panel talk.
    Home system 4000 watt (Evergreen) array standing, with 2 Midnite Classic Lites,  Midnite E-panel, Magnum MS4024, Prosine 1800(now backup) and Exeltech 1100(former backup...lol), 660 ah 24v Forklift battery(now 10 years old). Off grid for 20 years (if I include 8 months on a bicycle).
    - Assorted other systems, pieces and to many panels in the closet to not do more projects.
  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    Hi,

    Photowhit said:
    dRdoS7 said:

    Strange. Whether I'm logged in or not, I can only see photos, no links.
    Logged in here or at 'solarpaneltalk.com' where the photos are hosted,  the  reason  I 'copied  and pasted' them here in my reply,  so everyone could see them  without being logged into solar panel talk.

    That's even stranger. I can see the photos here, logged in or not, but not the ones on SPT unless I log in there.

    To save time, I copied the text from SPT, so that must have copied the photo's links too. When I pasted here, the photos were pasted, but I didn't know it was the links.

    dRdoS7

  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    Hi,

    I've weighed a few of the cells to see what the difference is between those with no debris, those with debris, and those that have been flushed and renewed.


    The cells that have been cleaned lost about 450g. That tallies with the amount I recovered.

    According to the specs., a 200Ah cell should weigh 14kg.

    I'm wondering if anybody who bought new cells has weighed them. If so, were they up to spec?

    I contacted the seller a "few" weeks ago, and the cells he ordered have arrived in port. Said it would probably take another week (or two) before he has them. Then another week before he has charged/discharged a few times, and will send them to me.

    Of the 6 cells I flushed, and renewed, only 2 are working. The other 4 still acting the same as before, and I've removed them from the bank.

    Currently running 35 cells.

    Thanks,

    dRdoS7
  • BB.
    BB. Super Moderators, Administrators Posts: 33,431 admin
    I thought (no battery expert me), that NiFe batteries did not have any "consumables" in the plates. It was just the electrolyte that needed changing (basically because CO2 was absorbed into the electrolyte (some solids formed)?

    I would be  (a little) surprised that the cells would lose weight over time...

    -Bill
    Near San Francisco California: 3.5kWatt Grid Tied Solar power system+small backup genset
  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    edited March 2020 #18
    Hi,

    BB. said:
    I thought (no battery expert me),

    Me neither!

    that NiFe batteries did not have any "consumables" in the plates. It was just the electrolyte that needed changing (basically because CO2 was absorbed into the electrolyte (some solids formed)?

    The CO2 forms carbonate (maybe I have learned something!), but stays in suspension, no solids should precipitate out.

    I would be  (a little) surprised that the cells would lose weight over time...

    I'm not that surprised that they were low. Probably lost weight sometime after the specs were issued, and samples tested.

    I do not think any cells have lost any weight, except the ones I flushed. It's more likely they were underweight when I received them. 1kg less of Nickel+Iron, per 200Ah cell, would save the manufacturer a bit over the years. When I'm finally sent some replacements, I'll weigh them, and see if they are a "bit" light on too.

    Here in Australia, we had a recall, in 2015, of Infinity electricity cable (made in the good old PRC) due to the breakdown of the plastic insulation coating.

    Remember the melamine in milk not so long ago?

    Thanks,

    dRdoS7


  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    Hi,

    Been a while. The 6 cells I was expecting didn't arrive. I contacted the seller in June. He told me they weren't holding a charge, and didn't want send them. He said he had more coming, and would send 10. No contact for a few months. Called him last week and told him I wanted to return the cells, and get a full refund. Left it at that, called again Monday, and he agreed. He is going to refund 50% this week, and the other 50% when I return the cells, at his expense. So my NiFe adventure is over (hopefully). Sadly, it didn't work out as planned. They worked wonderfully for about 2 years.

    I've ordered 18 x 280Ah LFP.

    Thanks,

    dRdoS7
  • mike95490
    mike95490 Solar Expert Posts: 9,583 ✭✭✭✭✭
    Good to have closure. Sorry it didn't work ou
    Powerfab top of pole PV mount | Listeroid 6/1 w/st5 gen head | XW6048 inverter/chgr | Iota 48V/15A charger | Morningstar 60A MPPT | 48V, 800A NiFe Battery (in series)| 15, Evergreen 205w "12V" PV array on pole | Midnight ePanel | Grundfos 10 SO5-9 with 3 wire Franklin Electric motor (1/2hp 240V 1ph ) on a timer for 3 hr noontime run - Runs off PV ||
    || Midnight Classic 200 | 10, Evergreen 200w in a 160VOC array ||
    || VEC1093 12V Charger | Maha C401 aa/aaa Charger | SureSine | Sunsaver MPPT 15A

    solar: http://tinyurl.com/LMR-Solar
    gen: http://tinyurl.com/LMR-Lister ,

  • Dave Angelini
    Dave Angelini Solar Expert Posts: 6,728 ✭✭✭✭✭✭
    You were very lucky to get anything back from China.  Especially 2 years back.  Hopefully your LFP will be supportable.
    "we go where power lines don't" Sierra Nevada mountain area
       htps://offgridsolar1.com/
    E-mail offgridsolar@sti.net

  • dRdoS7
    dRdoS7 Registered Users Posts: 10 ✭✭
    edited September 2020 #22
    Hi,

    mike95490 said:
    Good to have closure. Sorry it didn't work ou

    Yes, it was good while they lasted. Made a big difference to my solar credits from the grid connected system. That really dropped the first 2 quarters this year. Still, I don't have to make any more distilled water. Also, my wife is pleased: she was worried about what to with the batteries if I died. :(

    You were very lucky to get anything back from China.  Especially 2 years back.  Hopefully your LFP will be supportable.

    I bought the NiFes in Australia, though they are from China. The seller paid me back 50% today, and I'm crating them up next week. I very much doubt there will be any support on the LFP, except if there are any bad ones initially. But who knows? There are quite a few members on DIYSolar forum who are buying the same cells.

    Hopefully I won't have to wait too long, I'll be relying on the grid for power for the next couple or 3 - 4 weeks. My Inverter will run without batteries, but I have never tried it. At least not with a load connected. I have seen it used that way on YouTube.

    Thanks,

    dRdoS7
  • mcgivor
    mcgivor Solar Expert Posts: 3,854 ✭✭✭✭✭✭
    My supplier of  LFP cells from China has been  outstanding in the support department, I had 2 questionable cells  in a shipment of 32, the safety labels had lost the background, he rushed shipped replacements at no cost which arrived in 3 days. The latest shipment of 200Ah CALB cells arrived in factory boxes with testing reports and a 3 year factory warranty,  sometimes you get a good vendor but not always, my experience has been positive.

    Should you be considering a DIY bank I'll gladly share my contact if it is not in violation of forum policy, I refer this to @BB. If there is any objection, being that you're in Australia I suspect not,  but you never know.

    1500W, 6× Schutten 250W Poly panels , Schneider MPPT 60 150 CC, Schneider SW 2524 inverter, 400Ah LFP 24V nominal battery with Battery Bodyguard BMS 
    Second system 1890W  3 × 300W No name brand poly, 3×330 Sunsolar Poly panels, Morningstar TS 60 PWM controller, no name 2000W inverter 400Ah LFP 24V nominal battery with Daly BMS, used for water pumping and day time air conditioning.  
    5Kw Yanmar clone single cylinder air cooled diesel generator for rare emergency charging and welding.
  • BB.
    BB. Super Moderators, Administrators Posts: 33,431 admin
    No problem with sharing information related to posts.

    Good information is good information even if a possible competitor to NAWS or their products.

    Bill "moderator" B.
    Near San Francisco California: 3.5kWatt Grid Tied Solar power system+small backup genset